. There are ofcourse reasons for their diligence. = [ . the functions of deacon and of a priest in the liturgy. = , 3. The main reason for wandering in search of schools and teachers is that in rural areas any higher education is not possible for a youth who remains with his parents, except in a few cases of Debtera families. First there is a prayer to be recited. 81 2 . = . There is a large concentration of qualified priests (qes) and musicians (dbtra) in Washington, D.C. The girls from traditional families who have attended the school usually marry before or shortly after they complete the lessons in the House of Reading. . = , 11 - = , 12 - = , 13 - = , 14 - = , 15 - . Addis Ababa December 1970. The teaching method allows the boy free activities and movements as illustrated below. Gradually the pupil masters the art of good reading. [ ], 3 - = , 4 - . + = , 7 - = , 2. 6 Every evening he has to memorize the daily prayers. a) Zema Bet (Music school) b) Quene Bet and (Poetry school) c) Metsehaf Bet which again have different subdivisions. = , 2. . Instruction in the Nebab bet consists almost exclusively of reading. This exercise is repeated for months or every a couple of years, until the boy knows the main prayers by heart. Despite hardships during the time of studies, many students hope for a good position in the Church, where the masters of qne have always been greatly appreciated. The following is a typical example of a Metsehaf Bet lesson. [ ], 9. . 19 - .. . 20 = (2) . Each Nebab Bet may have an average of 20 pupils. ], 7. The main interest and purpose of the school is, however, not to develop poetic and other aesthetic interests in the child or youth, but to enable him to carry out the Church rituals. = [ ], 8. Today children use a printed table of letters, which is glued on a single sheet of cardboard. The leading teachers and scholars of the church, who are known as Debtera, are trained in the higher school. . Usually a candidate for his training is attached to a priest or monk to whom he gives certain services, accompanying him on visits of families, festivals, and ceremonies in and outside the parish. Nibezhu ( 3 long verses), Sellassie ( 6 verses), Zeyieze ( 5 or 6 verses), Kibryieti ( 4 verses), Itane Mogar ( 7 or 11 verses) and Mewadis ( 8 verses). . It is accessible to students who have completed the nbab bet and, as a rule, the qddase bet. The student has to learn each sentence of the commentary by heart. - ., 2. This page was last edited on 29 November 2022, at 02:51. 13 - ( ) = . = , 13 [ ], 11 - () = ( ) - .. a) Zema Bet (Music school) The few handwritten manuscripts on parchments were, and still are, very expensive. Besides this, the student is attracted by the adventurous and romantic life of a begging and wondering student, about whom much is spoken and fabulous stories are told. Modern education, of recent origin, is provided mainly in schools operated by the Government. Debesey/Exesabeque#Eritrea #Ethiopia #TigraiWay Zema/ : Dn Filmon Yebyo: Orthodox Tewahdo Mezmur 2021https://youtu.be/oEOuYUPqFi4Zemari Filmo Yebyo Zema. This is available for about ten cents in every market place in the country, so that the traditional parchment is disappearing. He is credited for inventing the zema of the Church; the chant that has been in use continuously for the last almost 1500 years. It is difficult to estimate the number of Nebab Bet in the country or to evaluate the school population involved. ( ) :: :. The training challenges the memory of the child rather than leading him to think. [ . In turn, the knowledge of Qne bet is a precondition of the study of andmta in the mshaf bet. The first subject of study for the child is the set of Geez letters, known as the Fidel. The related musical notation is known as melekket. The teacher of Zema sits in the middle of his pupils, who are practicing their daily assignment of the hymns individually or in-groups. [5] Yared, who lived in the sixth century, represents the first known case of indigenous Ethiopian musical notation and religious music. The Qne bet student is frequently compared the hermit (mnna, from mnnn, to renounce; KaneDic 272f.) After the great wars, particularly after the 17th century, cultural activities declined. = , 12. The last branch of the Metsehaf Bet is the Menekosat, the School of Commentaries on monastic literature. The teacher either accepts the verses or the offers critical comments and sends the student back for further meditation, students come at intervals to the teacher to recite in the manner. This role is encouraged by the shortage of places in government schools and the consequent preference given to children who can already read and write. 2003-Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church -, 1. ( ) 1 - () = : 19 = This is particularly important for those students who plan to continue on the higher learning, since passages from the Psalms are used frequently in the hymns and poems of the church. . The instruction in the Nebab bet is given in three different stages: The church schools that have been described above provide the continuation of traditional education in Ethiopia. Required fields are marked *, I'm not a robot * . = , 29. Zm has usually been identified as the music of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, an institution dating from the Ethiopian court's acceptance of Christianity in the fourth century. The teacher or an advance student recites to the pupil sentence by sentence or verse-by-verse the standard prayer the child has to memorize. Children of the clergy, who use church lands usually enter such schools in order to become deacon or priests in a church (and thus keep their church land in the hands of the family). If the student has already read different books as described above, the student of the Psalms is not too difficult. . There are also other Qene types which are however not as widespread as the Samenna Worq. Server IP address resolved: Yes Http response code: 200 Response time: 0.55 sec. To help the child distinguish the different characteristics of the alphabet another table has been prepared. Those who want to study further may join the next school, the Metsehaf Bet. The expressions are vividly illustrated with parables, analogies, proverbs, and popular wisdom. It should be noted that the Church is fully aware of the necessity to train its own future leaders in such a way that they will fulfill their role in modern society. The Qene lessons usually start in the afternoon or in some places early in the evening. JECS is providing a platform for researchers, academicians, professionals, practitioners, and students to impart and share knowledge in the form . Ethiopian liturgical chants were developed only after that. Generally, the first epistle of St. John is used for the purpose. A reader of the psalms enjoys certain privileges as one of the elite in his village. , . We find the Nebab Bet in practically all churches and monasteries, in a number of villages and in the compounds of well-to-do landlords. A publication of the EOTC, Your email address will not be published. All other texts are in Geez. . 1) Nebab Bet (Reading school) It follows upon the nbab bet, the zema bet, the qddase bet and precedes the mshaf bet. .hide-if-no-js { (2), - = , 8 - = , 2 - = , 9 - = , 12 - = , 7 - = [ ]. With this stage the pupil is introduction to the art of reading Geez, and his Fidel lessons are therefore completed. The pupil must first perfectly master Gz and build up his vocabulary, which is the main instru ment of learning as well as composing and interpreting qne. = [ . The 46 Books of the Old Testament are studied and commented upon. 1 = . BEALTI XELOT ( ) : https://youtu.be/yyz8lAfwMFY6. Regional varieties may have become standardized over time, and more symbols and segments of music have become available for composers. = , 05. He repeats this pronunciation exercise on the same text several times. [12], Liturgical chant used by the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, Saint Yared's Hymn for the Feast of Saint Stephen, "Ethiopian chant | vocal music | Britannica", "Ethiopian Christian Liturgical Chant & Historical Context", "Choeur Saint Yared: Chants de L'glise thiopienne", "Oral and Written Transmission in Ethiopian Christian Chant", Norwegian University of Science and Technology, "St. Yared: The Great Ethiopian Composer", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_chant&oldid=1124513207, Articles with dead external links from December 2019, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. The teacher of the Qne bet is called mggabe miir, the teacher/administrator of mystery/secret/sacrament). in Gojjam, the Gonji and Washera schools of Qene differ from this. In the Christian highlands of Ethiopia, the Church constituted the main guardian of traditional culture and provided the only schools in the land for many centuries. [ ], 7 - = - ., 8 - = , 3 - = - ., 5 - ( ) = ( ), 6 - () = ( ), 19. Roles of Orthodox teachings. () = , 20. The teacher is usually engaged in some individual work such as reading, copying a manuscript, or even doing some handwork. [11] Ethiopian Church music remains tightly bounded within the communities and rarely attracts attention by outsiders. . Quick Summary . Through history, the Ethiopian liturgical chants have undergone an evolution similar to that of European liturgical chants. () = , 21. The Qene School is perhaps the only school where the students can received both intellectual and traditional training. He is thus able to analyse the qne composed by other experts and thus learn the composition skills in greater depth. , 23. Traditionally writing is not taught, since this was not needed in everyday life, unlike reading which is necessary for daily prayers and participating in the church service. = , 16. When the teacher feels that his pupil has mastered this stage, he leads him to Wurdnebab. : 1 - a) Fidel (Alphabets) Instruction = , 00. When the pupil is able to read a text, he starts a new lesson known in Amharic as Yemata Timhirt, i.e. . = [ . . Prominent Zema bet are at Dbr Abbay (Tgray), Sllkula (Wllo) and Gon Tewodros (Goam). The lessons advance in this manner day after day until the student finishes the fixed text of the hymn and knows it by heart. ( . ) . In some cases the Ethiopic catechetical book, the Aemade Mestir (Columnae Mister), particularly Mistere Sellassie (on the Trinity), is taught in Amharic. Here the student attempts to put the letters together in a chanting form and read them as a word. () = , 31. In all these schools the students must learn the material by heart. () -., 18 - = , 11 - = , 20 - = , 21 - = , 3. = , 1. [ ], 9. Since the pupils do not understand the texts, the memorization drills are very exacting in energy and time. ( ) = , 4. .. = , 14. To demonstrate this we should describe the average study day at the Zema Bet. What is the process of learning the letters? = , 22 - . The function of an altar priest is limited to carrying out the rituals of the Mass and the Sacraments. The student learns Qene with more interest and motivation than the other disciplines, such as Zema. The more advanced students serve as monitors to instruct the beginners. In other words, the church is successfully bridging the transition from strictly traditional scholarship to a new, dynamic era where traditional learning and modern education will blend together to ensure the continuity of Ethiopias Christian heritage in the setting of modern world. Bet are at Dbr Abbay ( Tgray ), Sllkula ( Wllo ) and musicians ( )! 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