madagascar muslim population

Madagascar is a large island, with several peripheral islands, that is off the east coast of Africa close to Mozambique. Anticipated recovery in economic activity will translate to a gradual decline in poverty rates, from a historical high of 81.9% in 2020 to 81.2% in 2023 and 80.7% in 2024, thereby remaining above . The Arab magicians, known as the ombiasy, established themselves in the courts of many Malagasy tribal kingdoms. Forced labor was introduced in favor of the French companies and peasants were encouraged, through taxation, to work for wages (especially in the colonial concessions) to the detriment of small individual farms. [156] Traditional community tribunals, called dina, are presided over by elders and other respected figures and remain a key means by which justice is served in rural areas where state presence is weak. The drugs vinblastine[100][101] and vincristine[100][102] are vinca alkaloids,[103][104] used to treat Hodgkin lymphoma,[105] leukemia,[106] and other cancers,[107] were derived from the Madagascar periwinkle. [161] These goals plan to be accomplished by providing meals for specific schools in rural and urban priority areas and by developing national school feeding policies to increase consistency of nourishment throughout the country. Muslims predominate in the northwestern coastal areas, and Christians predominate in the highlands. [147] Access to the internet has grown dramatically over the past decade, with an estimated 352,000 residents of Madagascar accessing the internet from home or in one of the nation's many internet cafs in December 2011. For instance, they may bless their dead at church before proceeding with traditional burial rites or invite a Christian minister to consecrate a famadihana reburial. All 651 species of terrestrial snail are endemic, as are a majority of the island's butterflies, scarab beetles, lacewings, spiders, and dragonflies. [36], Running water and electricity are supplied at the national level by a government service provider, Jirama, which is unable to service the entire population. The current population of Madagascar in 2023 is 30,325,732, a 2.41% increase from 2022.; The population of Madagascar in 2022 was 29,611,714, a 2.41% increase from 2021.; The population of Madagascar in 2021 was 28,915,653, a 2.45% increase from 2020. [1], Upon independence from Small and local farmers have also been assisted in increasing both the quantity and quality of their production, as well as improving their crop yield in unfavorable weather conditions. [232] Embroidery and drawn thread work are done by hand to produce clothing, as well as tablecloths and other home textiles for sale in local crafts markets. This stifled the development of all religion in Madagascar. [86] Four-fifths of the world's Pachypodium species are endemic to the island. [37], Approximately 42.5percent of the population is younger than 15 years of age, while 54.5percent are between the ages of 15 and 64. Antanosy and other east coast On October 22, the embassy organized a virtual roundtable for religious leaders from different faiths to discuss the impact of COVID-19 on religious practices in the country. Madagascar's growing economy is rooted in the agricultural, tourism, textile and mining industries and is considered a market economy. The population of Madagascar in 2005 was estimated by the United Nations (UN) at 17,308,000, which placed it at number 57 in population among the 193 nations of the world. [12] The majority of roads in Madagascar are unpaved, with many becoming impassable in the rainy season. Historically, security has been relatively high across the island. However, there are a number of core cultural features that are common throughout the island, creating a strongly unified Malagasy cultural identity. [37] The country lies mostly between latitudes 12S and 26S, and longitudes 43E and 51E. The constitution states that such rights may be limited by the need to protect the rights of others or to preserve public order, national dignity, or state security. . Madagascar was again suspended by the African Union in March 2009 following the unconstitutional transfer of executive power to Rajoelina. [136], Madagascar is a semi-presidential representative democratic multi-party republic, wherein the popularly elected president is the head of state and selects a prime minister, who recommends candidates to the president to form his cabinet of ministers. [42] Among these were the Betsimisaraka alliance of the eastern coast and the Sakalava chiefdoms of Menabe and Boina on the west coast. Madagascar's other sources of growth are tourism, agriculture and the extractive industries. [140] Accusations of media censorship have increased since 2009 because of the alleged intensification of restrictions on political criticism. [36] The first formal European-style school was established in 1818 at Toamasina by members of the London Missionary Society (LMS). The remaining population of Madagascar is mostly composed of Christians. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons", "World Development Indicators Google Public Data Explorer", "African Economic Outlook 2011: Madagascar", "Republic of Madagascar: Tourism Sector Study", "Madagascar: obiettivo 500mila visitatori nel 2018", "Madagascar GDP real growth rate Historical Data Graphs per Year", "Business news: Fmi, economia del Madagascar manifesta segnali "incoraggianti", "Madagascar GDP per capita (PPP) Historical Data Graphs per Year", "Madagascar Unemployment rate Historical Data Graphs per Year", "Madagascar Labor force Historical Data Graphs per Year", "The real price of Madagascar's vanilla boom", "Madagascar's oil fortunes evolving slowly", "Made in Madagascar: Exporting Handicrafts to the U.S. Market: Final Report", "Aperu de la coopration conomique entre la Chine et Madagascar", "The place of healers-diviners (ombiasa) in Betsileo medical pluralism", "Madagascar: Severe drought could spur world's first climate change famine", "How climate change is turning once green Madagascar into a desert", "La formation du personnel enseignant de l'ducation de base Madagascar: Une etude de cas. The literacy rate is estimated at 64.7%.[82]. The LMS was invited by King Radama I to expand its schools throughout Imerina to teach basic literacy and numeracy to aristocratic children. City authorities imposed restrictions in 2019 following neighborhood complaints of excessive noise at various hours of the day coming from the church. Institut National de la Statistique, Madagascar. Madagascar has a population growth rate during 2020-2021 of 2.68 %. Muslims born in the country continued to report that despite generations of residence, some members of their community were unable to acquire Malagasy nationality. Arab and Somali Muslim immigrants were few in total number compared to the Indonesians and Bantus, but they left a lasting impression. [126] Violent crime rates are low, and criminal activities are predominantly crimes of opportunity such as pickpocketing and petty theft, although child prostitution, human trafficking and the production and sale of marijuana and other illegal drugs are increasing. which has Arab Muslim influences, many have been attracted to the call to come [114] A 2023 study published in Nature Communications found that 120 of the 219 mammal species only found on Madagascar are threatened with extinction. Excepting the brief presidency of Albert Zafy, from 1992 to 1996, Ratsiraka remained in power from 1975 to 2001 and failed to achieve significant improvements in education throughout his tenure. [212][37], The veneration of ancestors has led to the widespread tradition of tomb building, as well as the highlands practice of the famadihana, whereby a deceased family member's remains are exhumed and re-wrapped in fresh silk shrouds, before being replaced in the tomb. In parts of the arid south and west, pastoral families may replace rice with maize, cassava, or curds made from fermented zebu milk. . Qataris are all Muslims and followers of the Sunni Salafi version of Islam. There were an estimated 25,000Comorans, 18,000Indians, and 9,000Chinese living in Madagascar in the mid-1980s. Sculptors create a variety of furniture and household goods, aloalo funerary posts, and wooden sculptures, many of which are produced for the tourist market. [18] Malagasy and French are both official languages of the state. [36], As a result of increased educational access, enrollment rates more than doubled between 1996 and 2006. Succeeding his mother, Radama II (186163) attempted to relax the queen's stringent policies, but was overthrown two years later by Prime Minister Rainivoninahitriniony (18521865) and an alliance of Andriana (noble) and Hova (commoner) courtiers, who sought to end the absolute power of the monarch. The Madagascar population was 28,172,462 in 2022, based on the CIA World Factbook. [198] Public expenditure on education was 2.8percent of GDP in 2014. Such foreign associations may only obtain temporary authorizations, subject to periodic renewal and other conditions. General Gilles Andriamahazo ruled after Ratsimandrava for four months before being replaced by another military appointee: Vice Admiral Didier Ratsiraka, who ushered in the Socialist-Marxist Second Republic that ran under his tenure from 1975 to 1993. . There are small numbers of Hindus and Jews. Local religious groups state nearly half of the population is Christian. Those schooled during this period generally failed to master the French language or many other subjects and struggled to find employment, forcing many to take low-paying jobs in the informal or black market that mired them in deepening poverty. At least one upper secondary school is located in each of the larger urban centers. President Rajoelina could rule as a strongman. [75] In March 2009, Rajoelina was declared by the Supreme Court as the President of the High Transitional Authority, an interim governing body responsible for moving the country toward presidential elections. The judiciary is modeled on the French system, with a High Constitutional Court, High Court of Justice, Supreme Court, Court of Appeals, criminal tribunals, and tribunals of first instance. All . The Indo-Madagascar landmass separated from Antarctica and Australia around 125 million years ago[84] and Madagascar separated from the Indian landmass about 84-92million years ago during the Late Cretaceous. (2015) In June, parliament voted to postpone consideration of an amendment to the 2017 nationality law that would provide as many as 15,000 Muslim residents citizenship in the country, according to one of the amendments sponsors in 2020. [150] By the early 19th century, the Merina sovereigns of the Kingdom of Madagascar had brought much of the island under their control by mobilizing an army of trained and armed soldiers numbering as high as 30,000. [153] Since this time the Malagasy military has never engaged in armed conflict with another state or within its own borders, but has occasionally intervened to restore order during periods of political unrest. [15], Upon arrival, early settlers practiced slash-and-burn agriculture to clear the coastal rainforests for cultivation. [216] The vast majority of Muslims are Sunni, with a sizeable Ahmadiyya minority. He was previously president from 2009 to 2014. Arabic and [167] Tourism focuses on the niche eco-tourism market, capitalizing on Madagascar's unique biodiversity, unspoiled natural habitats, national parks and lemur species. His ambition to bring the entire island under his control was largely achieved by his son and successor, King Radama I (181028), who was recognized by the British government as King of Madagascar. [99] The island is home to around 170 palm species, three times as many as on all of mainland Africa; 165 of them are endemic. [49] Queen Rasoherina accepted, first marrying Rainivoninahitriniony, then later deposing him and marrying his brother, Prime Minister Rainilaiarivony (186495), who would go on to marry Queen Ranavalona II (186883) and Queen Ranavalona III (188397) in succession. [57], The conquest was followed by ten years of civil war, due to the Menalamba insurrection. [52], Primarily on the basis that the Lambert Charter had not been respected, France invaded Madagascar in 1883 in what became known as the first Franco-Hova War. [151] French attacks on coastal towns in the later part of the century prompted then-Prime Minister Rainilaiarivony to solicit British assistance to provide training to the Merina monarchy's army. [126] Accusations of media censorship have risen due to the alleged restrictions on the coverage of government opposition. As of 2012[update], there were officially 103 species and subspecies of lemur,[114] 39 of which were described by zoologists between 2000 and 2008. In 2010, Madagascar had an average of three hospital beds per 10,000 people and a total of 3,150 doctors, 5,661 nurses, 385 community health workers, 175 pharmacists, and 57 dentists for a population of 22million. [237], Western recreational activities were introduced to Madagascar over the past two centuries. [83] Neighboring islands include the French territory of Runion and the country of Mauritius to the east, as well as the state of Comoros and the French territory of Mayotte to the north west. Smaller Christian groups include The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Jehovahs Witnesses, Seventh-day Adventists, the Eastern Orthodox Church, and a growing number of local evangelical Protestant denominations. The constitution establishes independent executive, legislative and judicial branches and mandates a popularly elected president limited to three five-year terms. The cities of Toamasina, Antsirabe, and Mahajanga are all of similar size with populations between 200,000 and 300,000. [36] During Ravalomanana's first term, thousands of new primary schools and additional classrooms were constructed, older buildings were renovated, and tens of thousands of new primary teachers were recruited and trained. Indonesia is the country with the Largest Muslim population in the world. 03 / Select Countries You can add more than one country or area. Islam was first brought to Madagascar in the Middle Ages by Arab and Somali Muslim traders, who established several Islamic schools along the eastern coast. dhows and established settlements on the west coast of Madagascar. Madagascar last conducted a national census in 2018 and 83% of births in Madagascar are recorded. U.S. Government Policy and Engagement. [86], Madagascar's highest peaks rise from three prominent highland massifs: Maromokotro 2,876m (9,436ft) in the Tsaratanana Massif is the island's highest point, followed by Boby Peak 2,658m (8,720ft) in the Andringitra Massif, and Tsiafajavona 2,643m (8,671ft) in the Ankaratra Massif. [76], In 2018 the first round of the presidential election was held on 7 November and the second round was held on 10 December. [145] Madagascar is a member of the International Criminal Court with a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the United States military. island (Majunga [126], The Minister of Interior is responsible for the national police force, paramilitary force (gendarmerie) and the secret police. Any country in which Muslims make up 50% or more of the population is considered a Muslim majority country. [72], Since regaining independence, Madagascar has transitioned through four republics with corresponding revisions to its constitution. A representative from the Presbyterian Church stated the prohibition on communion for all faiths was excessive since, he said, the Presbyterian Churchs ritual did not offer the same risk of disease transmission due to the use of individual and disposable equipment. Countries with the highest Muslim Population Although many may associate Islam with countries in the Middle East, nearly 62% of Muslims live in the Asia-Pacific region, according to the Pew Research Center analysis. In 2010, a new constitution was adopted by referendum, establishing a Fourth Republic, which sustained the democratic, multi-party structure established in the previous constitution. Islam is the second largest religion in the world, with having more than 1.8 billion muslims in the world. Islam was first brought to the Madagascar in the Middle Ages by Somali Muslim and Arab . Or is it Madagascan? In Madagascar, Gujarati is the native language though many also speak Malagasy and French with some having knowledge of Hindi and English as well. [177], Madagascar is the world's principal supplier of vanilla, cloves[178] and ylang-ylang. [2][3][4][5] The vast majority of Muslims in Madagascar practice Sunni Islam of the Shafi school of jurisprudence,[1] with sizeable Shia and Ahmadiyya communities. The Arabs were also the first to correctly identify the origin of most Malagasy by suggesting that the island was colonized by the Indonesians.[9]. As a result, it can be clearly seen that Madagascar comprises mainly of youngsters and young adults who take up more than 50% of the total population. Additionally, infrastructure has deteriorated, tax revenues have decreased despite the population increasing, and food insecurity is endangered. To the west of the highlands, the increasingly arid terrain gradually slopes down to the Mozambique Channel and mangrove swamps along the coast. To the east, the Canal des Pangalanes is a chain of human-made and natural lakes connected by canals built by the French just inland from the east coast and running parallel to it for some 600km (370mi). [152], The political independence and sovereignty of the Malagasy armed forces, which comprises an army, navy and air force, was restored with independence from France in 1960. Twelve million people do not have access to clean water, according to the NGO WaterAid. Sunni Islam is the most dominant Islam branch alongside small numbers of Shia . [74] Hery Rajaonarimampianina was declared the winner of the 2013 presidential election, which the international community deemed fair and transparent. Muslims predominate in the northwestern coastal areas while Christians predominate in the highlands. The IMF agreed to write off half Madagascar's debt in 2004 under the Ravalomanana administration. These policies, coupled with economic pressures stemming from the 1973 oil crisis, resulted in the rapid collapse of Madagascar's economy and a sharp decline in living standards,[36] and the country had become completely bankrupt by 1979. As of late 2012 and early 2013, its population was estimated to be around 22,005,222. Conditions for the resumption of aid were not met under Zafy, who tried unsuccessfully to attract other forms of revenue for the State before aid was once again resumed under the interim government established upon Zafy's impeachment. About 7% of the population of Madagascar practice Islam. [37], Matatana was the first Portuguese settlement on the south coast, 10km west of Fort Dauphin. Folk religions or Traditional religion accounts for 4.5% of the people. More recently . Due in part to its inability to resolve the internal conflicts, the church in Ankorondrano remained closed while other Jesosy Mamonjy churches throughout the country continued to operate normally, according to media reports. Salah, also known as Salat or Namaz, is one of the Five Pillars of Islam and is considered the most important duty of a Muslim follower. Three former presidents and the most recent president were the main candidates of the elections. The most recent president Hery Rajaonarimampianina received very modest support in the first round. Nonetheless, many sources still claimed that Malagasy and French were official languages, eventually leading a citizen to initiate a legal case against the state in April 2000, on the grounds that the publication of official documents only in the French language was unconstitutional. Cia world Factbook African Union in March 2009 following the unconstitutional transfer of power. Increasing, and longitudes 43E and 51E and is considered a Muslim majority country add than... The constitution establishes independent executive, legislative and judicial branches and mandates a elected. The majority of muslims are Sunni, with having more than doubled between and! Dominant Islam branch alongside small numbers of Shia Public expenditure on education was 2.8percent GDP. 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